七夕，古今詩人慣詠星月與悲情。吾生雖晚，世態炎涼卻已看透矣。情也成空， 且作“揮手袖底風”罷。是夜，窗外風雨如晦，吾獨坐陋室，聽一曲《塵緣》，合 成詩韻一首，覺放諸古今，亦獨有風韻也。乃書於紙上。畢而卧。悽然入夢。乙 酉年七月初七。 -----嘯之記。
託福寫作輔導材料
託福作文任務描述： 託福作文任務描述
託福作文要求參加考試者在 30 分鐘內進行審題、寫作和檢查等。寫作的字數為 220 至 300 字。 分數段： 0 分，1 分， 1.5 分，2 分，2.5 分，3 分，3.5 分，4 分，4.5 分，5 分，5.5 分，6 分。 寫作要求： 6 分：Demonstrate clear competence in writing on both the rhetorical and syntactic levels, though it may have occasional errors.能展示出較高的寫作能 能展示出較高的寫作能 在修辭和句法等方面達到定的水平，文章允許出現個別錯誤。 力，在修辭和句法等方面達到定的水平，文章允許出現個別錯誤。 Effectively addresses the writing task 文章切題，觀點明確； Well organized and well developed 段落組織有序，合理展開説明； Uses clear appropriate details to support a thesis or illustrate ideas 使用正確的事例支 持論點或説明觀點； Displays consistent facility in the use of language 能夠流暢地，連貫地使用語言 Demonstrate syntactic variety and appropriate word choice. 句式多樣，用詞準確。 5 分：Demonstrate competence in writing on both the rhetorical and syntactic levels, though it will probably have occasional errors 在修辭、句法方面有一定的表 在修辭、 達能力，但文章偶然會有錯誤。 達能力，但文章偶然會有錯誤。 may addresses some parts of the writing task more effectively than others 能有效地 按照要求協作，但某些部分有欠缺； generally well organized and well developed 段落組織基本有序，合理展開説明； Uses clear details to support a thesis or illustrate an ideas 能使用事例支持論點或説明 觀點； Displays facility in the use of language 展現出語言的使用能力； Demonstrate some syntactic variety and range of vocabulary. 有些句式和詞彙的變化。 4 分：demonstrate minimal competence in writing on both the rhetorical and syntactical levels 展示出一些寫作能力修辭與句法能力一般。 Addresses the writing topic adequately but may slightly parts of the task Is adequately organized and developed
Uses some details to support a thesis or illustrate an idea Demonstrate adequate but possibly inconsistent facility with syntax and usage May contain some errors that occasionally obscure meaning 3 分： demonstrate some developing competence in writing, but it remains flawed on either the rhetorical or syntactical level, or both. Inadequate organization or development Inappropriate or insufficient details to support or illustrate g
eneralizations A noticeable inappropriate choice of words or word forms An accumulation of errors in sentence structure and/or usage. 2 分: suggests incompetence in writing Serious disorganization or underdevelopment Little or no detail, or irrelevant specifics Serious and frequent errors in sentence structure or usage Serious problems with focus 1 分：demonstrate incompetence in writing May be incoherent May be underdeveloped May contain severe and persistent writing errors 評分：TWE 一般由兩個人評判，取平均分。如上所述，託福作文的分數是 0.5 分為一個晉 級，只會出現幾點五分的情況。若兩個閲卷人的分數差距在 2 分或大於 2 分時，則會有第 三個平分人出現，例如前兩個的分數分別為 3 分和 5 分，則會有另一個人來評卷。
託福作文範圍和類型
託福作文的範圍相對固定，每年 ETS 都會在網站上公佈其更新過的寫作題目範圍。參加考 試者可以參考這些題目進行準備。現在我們看到的一共有 185 個題目。 類型：根據這些題目我們大致可以將它們分成 5 種類型。 (一) 對立式觀點 例 1: Some people like to work or study at night; others like to work or study during the day. Which do you prefer ------ work or study at night or during the day? Give specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer. 例 2: Some high schools require all students to wear uniforms; other high schools permit students to choose to what to wear in the school. Which of these two school policies do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to illustrate your answer. (二) 單一性觀點 例 1: Do you agree or disagree following statement: people should always show their strong emotions (such as excitement, anger, or joy). Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 例 2: Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. (三) 選擇性觀點 例 1:People have different ways of escaping the stress and difficulties of modern life. Some read; some exercise; others work in their gardens. What do you think are the best ways of reducing stress? 例 2: If you were asked to send one thing representing your country to an international exhibition, what would your choose? Why? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer. (四) 對比類 例 1： A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your position. 例 2：When people move to another country, some of them decided to follow the customs of the new country; others prefer to keep their own customs. Compare these two choices. Which one do you prefer? Support your answer with specific details. (五) 列舉論證類 例 1: What are some of the qualities of a good parent?
? Use specific details and examples to explain your answer. 例 2： What changes would you make your hometown more appealing to people of your age? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
相對應的作文類型的開頭（ 相對應的作文類型的開頭（introduction） ） 這些開頭非常典型， 如果你沒有更好的開頭就將這樣的開頭背誦下來， 一定能在遇到這 類題目時寫得飛快。 （一） 對立觀點文章的開頭， 1. It is true that some people hold the opinion (1) that working or studying at night is effective. Others believe (2) that working or studying during the day has more advantages. I reckon they both have their strong reasons on their arguments. As far as I am concerned, the former/ the latter would be more preferable than the latter/the former. 同義詞/詞組 (1) have the point of view that_____, hold the idea that_____, support the idea that ______, vote for the opinion that _____, do not doubt that, like to choose doing something, prefer to believe that ______, tend to think that ______, give their the view that _____, stick to the belief that, stand behind the idea that ______ (2) believe, argue, claim, deem, suggest, reckon, see, debate, proclaim, consider, emphasize, advocate, promote, feel, consent, assume，think 以上這兩組詞和詞彙都是引出觀點常用的詞組，他們可以用於文章的開頭也,可以 用於文章的中間和結尾部分。請大家熟練地掌握，自如運用，大膽運用。 大膽運用。 大膽運用 (3) it is wiser to choose ____________ than to choose ________. (4) It is advisable to advocate _______ than to support _______. (5) It is more sagacious to choose ______ than to choose _____. 2. There are different views concerning/considering/regarding/about the above issue. Some __________. Others _________. … But the advantages/merits/strong points of A are more obvious than those of B. 3. Nowhere in the world has the issue of ______ been so much debated/discussed/argued/ like in our society/country. Some __________. Others _________. … But the advantages of A are more obvious than those of B. 4. Never in the world has the issue/problem/question/ of ______ been so much debated/discussed/argued like in our time. Some __________. Others _________. … But the advantages of A are more obvious than those of B. 5. There are different views concerning/considering/regarding/about the above issue. Some __________. Others _________. But, in my part/as for me/as to me, personally, would like to give my support to ___________. （二）單一性觀點文章的開頭： 其實，單一性觀點可以變成類似於對立性觀點，所以可以應用對立性觀點的辦法來開頭。我 們以例子中的第一個題目為例。 開頭： 1. As for the above statement, some people would say that people should always show their strong emotions such as excitement, anger, or joy; others, I guess, would probably oppose that op
inion. As for my part, I would deem that people should not always show their strong emotions. The reasons are presented as
follows. (把單一觀點變成對立觀點，然後表明自己的立場) 2. Although many people debate that people should always show their strong emotions such as excitement, anger, or joy, some people would doubt that it is a good manner to always show their strong emotions. I personally agree with the latter. (把單一觀點變成對立觀點，然後表明自己的立場) 3. It is not advisable to always show one’s strong emotions such as excitement, anger, or joy. People should sometimes restrict themselves, not let them go at any time. My argument would definitely convince some them to control them at some occasions. （首先否定，然後表明自己的觀點，用另外一種方法解釋） 4. It is true that people are of many strong emotions. But a decent person would not always show his strong feelings such as excitement, anger, or joy. Do you want other people regard you as a rude guy? Of course not. （換一種反面説法） 換一種反面説法） 5. I do not think the majority can accept the idea that people should always show their strong emotions such as excitement, anger, or joy. I am one of them.(直接反對， 用拉幫結派的方式，不使自己孤立) （三） 選擇性觀點文章開頭 選擇性觀點文章的開頭也可以利用對立性觀點文章的開頭。 1. Every one has his stress in modern life. Different people have diverse ways to get rid of their stress. Some read, some exercise, and others work in their gardens. From my experience, I would recommend people shake off their stress in the following ways. (劃 線部分就是一種轉換) 2. Each and every country has some unique things to represent its own features. If I were asked to select one thing to represent my to an international exhibition, I would choose a terra-cotta warrior unearthed from the tomb of Qin Shihuang, the first emperor of China, the first ruler of Qin dynasty, 2000 years ago. 3. There are many things that can represent my country. I f I were asked to choose only one thing, I would, without hesitation, recommend a model of the Great Wall. Why is that? You will see as I explain it as follows. ( 四) 對比性觀點 1. Building a large factory near my community will certainly bring a lot of changes to the community. It definitely has its advantages and disadvantages. But from my point of view, I do not think it is a good idea. I would like to say that it would transform our community in a bad way. 2. Although building a large factory near my community would, in a sense, have some negative effects, I consider that it would also benefit our community in many ways. It would offer a lot of opportunities to our community. （五） 列舉論證類 1．A good parent must have as many as possible good qualities, but I deem he must, as least, be a responsible, full of love, humorous, patient person. 2. To make
my hometown more attractive to young people of my age, say in thirties, there are many things to be changed. But I would at least change such things as sports facilities, entertainment facilities, parks, clubs etc.
這幾類文章的中間段落的論證都很相似，關鍵是要學會展開討論。 展開的幾種方法： 1． 正説+反説法： 2． 列舉事例法 3． 假設情形法 現在給大家推薦幾個比較好的範文： 選擇性觀點型 Topic 95, Page 75 Some people believe that money spent on space benefits all humanity. Others take the opposite view and say that money for this type of research is wasted. Discuss these two positions, using examples, tell which view you agree with and explain why. Topic 36. page 58 Developments in transportation such as the invention of the automobile have had an enormous impact on modern society. Choose another development in transportation that you think is of great importance. Give reasons for your selection.